In post-war Paris, jazz clubs became the landmark of a freedom-loving youth; the discomfort of middle-class youth is embodied for the first time in the cinema with James Dean. In the mid-1960s, the Brit pop wave exorcised the frustrations of youth. In France, independent cinema reinvented roles for young women; in the Netherlands the Provos collective invented the happening. From the hippie moveme...

At the dawn of the 1980s, the Clash urged punks to stand up to young Jamaican immigrant reggae-fans to put an end to discrimination and injustice. In France, in 1983, it was the march for equality and against racism that brought together an entire generation. At the beginning of the 1990s, a gap was widening between two youths, those from the ghettos and the others. Coming from the United States, ...